5-Amino-o-Cresol, a specialty aromatic amine compound, holds an established spot in chemical industries, especially in hair dye manufacturing and as a synthetic intermediate. Recognized by its molecular formula C7H9NO and a molar mass of 123.15 g/mol, this aromatic ring carries both an amino group and a methyl substituent attached to a phenol core. Chemists often reach for it during synthesis projects requiring a versatile raw material that bridges performance, reactivity, and stability. While countless molecules form the backbone of modern industrial processes, this compound’s unique combination of functional groups allows it to slot into a wide variety of formulations, often serving as a precursor or colorant in dyes, pigments, and, in some rare cases, pharmaceuticals.
The structure of 5-Amino-o-Cresol follows the format of a methylphenol ring, where the amino group attaches to the fifth carbon atom and the methyl sits at the ortho position relative to the phenol group. This arrangement brings distinctive electron-donating capabilities, which account for its performance in color chemistry. The hydroxyl, amino, and methyl groups together create a molecule that interacts readily with oxidizers or coupling agents, which explains its popularity among hair dye chemists. The compound takes the form of a solid at room temperature, usually provided as tan or light brown flakes, powder, or crystalline pearls, reflecting a melting point typically within the range of 109–113 °C. Its moderate solubility in water, paired with fairly high reactivity toward nitrosating agents and mild reducing agents, sheds light on its careful handling requirements within the laboratory or factory setting.
Material specifications of 5-Amino-o-Cresol depend on the source and degree of purification. Industrial suppliers catalog material as a powder, flakes, or crystalline solid, rarely liquid, reflecting density in the ballpark of 1.16–1.20 g/cm³ (at 20°C). Sometimes, you see this molecule in pearl or bead form, suited for easier handling and blending, especially in environments where minimizing dust exposure matters. Color varies from pale beige to brown based on impurity content. Purity levels for haircare and fine chemical use generally exceed 98%, with tightly controlled water and ash content. Each batch comes with parameters for melting point, appearance, and assay via GC or HPLC. Molecular weight clocks in at 123.15, as confirmed by spectroscopic and titration methods, and chemical buyers track HS Code 29222990 as a reference for import/export documentation in most markets.
As a raw material, users find 5-Amino-o-Cresol offered either in bulk solid, crystalline, or fine powder. Density lands between 1.16 and 1.20 g/cm³, which sets the stage for shelf packing and storage calculations. While sparingly soluble in cold water, it dissolves much more readily in hot solvents, especially in mixtures containing alcohol, ether, or mild alkaline solutions. Users sometimes request custom pellet or pearl grades to support automation in dosing. Laboratory solution preparation calls for moderate stirring and gentle heating, ensuring full dissolution before introducing the compound into more reactive media.
People working with 5-Amino-o-Cresol pay close attention to safety data sheet requirements. This molecule belongs to the hazardous chemical category, as accidental release can threaten health and the environment. It may cause eye, skin, or respiratory irritation, and prolonged exposure links to sensitization and systemic toxicity. Safe handling means wearing gloves, masks, and appropriate goggles, with fume extraction as standard in production halls or formulation labs. Understanding its reactivity with oxidizing agents and acids helps teams design storage and process safety protocols, preventing unwanted reactions, spills, or airborne release. Material safety data identifies the product as harmful if swallowed or inhaled, so training and engineering controls stand as the best protection for workers and workplaces. In my own experience, implementing routine air monitoring and skin contact audits caught risks early and kept incident rates low.
Hair dye factories, pigment developers, and research organizations source 5-Amino-o-Cresol for its reliable performance and pronounced coloring effects. The main use falls within oxidative dye production for brown and black hair shades, where the amino and methyl groups help stabilize the color. Smaller quantities flow into specialty ink, plastic, and pharmaceutical manufacturing, granted the purity meets strict internal specifications. Most raw material comes from large-scale chemical synthesis, drawing on aniline, cresol derivatives, and nitrobenzene intermediates, with supply-chain audits ensuring quality and traceability. Laboratories and small-batch facilities often prefer suppliers with ISO and GMP certification for peace of mind on contamination and compliance risks.
Customs offices, chemical buyers, and international logistics managers rely on the HS Code 29222990 for documentation, labeling, and taxation. Export restrictions occasionally factor in due to its hazards and classification as a possible precursor for more complex chemicals. Environmental compliance pressures all stakeholders to track and reduce waste, treat effluent, and follow local emission laws. In my experience, partnering with certified waste disposal teams and training new staff on correct spill response made a real difference in meeting regulatory demands and avoiding costly fines.
Chronic exposure risks and occasional spills highlight a need for stronger engineering controls, including local exhaust systems and closed-transfer mechanisms between drums and process vessels. Automatic dosing, spill-resistant packaging, and regular equipment checks help catch problems before they grow. On the disposal front, cooperation with approved chemical waste handlers, regular audits, and investment in on-site water treatment cut regulatory risks and environmental impact. Cheaper, more efficient neutralization processes could streamline waste reduction and operational budgets in high-volume plants. Training, vigilance, and transparent communication between research, production, and safety teams keep everyone aware of the stakes and foster a safer, more sustainable industry for years to come.
