2-Methylanthraquinone stands as a chemical compound mainly recognized for its yellow crystalline solid nature. The molecular formula, C15H10O2, reveals a structure based on the anthraquinone skeleton with one methyl group substitution at the second position on the aromatic ring. This position changes the chemical behavior significantly compared to parent anthraquinone. The substance normally appears in the market as flakes, powder, or crystals, with some suppliers offering alternative physical forms such as pearls or microcrystalline forms for specific processing demands. Its density generally rests at about 1.34 g/cm³ at room temperature, which, from experience, affects not only the handling but also determines how this compound disperses in solutions. The melting point typically lands near 168-170°C. The solid state confers easy transport and storage, but this molecule’s solubility in common organic solvents like acetone, chloroform, and benzene draws attention from industrial chemists, since extraction or purification processes for dyes, pigments, and other industrial chemicals benefit from this versatility.
The active part of 2-methylanthraquinone lies within the quinone structure, carrying conjugated carbonyl groups that act as key sites for redox reactions. These carbonyl groups show a reactivity pattern suited for use in dye manufacture and certain catalytic reactions. The methyl substitution impacts its spectral properties, often resulting in slightly shifted absorption profiles—something color chemists notice. The compound does not easily vaporize, so the main exposure route in the workplace comes from inhalable dust or skin contact during manufacturing, mixing, or bagging activities, especially in environments without proper dust control or protective gear. This compound does not carry the same high degree of acute toxicity as some industrial dyes, but repeated or prolonged contact may still irritate the skin, lungs, or eyes, and safety data sheets highlight risk words like “harmful,” “hazardous,” and “irritant.” The need for gloves, protective eyewear, and well-ventilated workspaces cannot be overstated based on incidents from poorly managed plants. Waste disposal follows guidelines that push for incineration or chemical destruction due to persistence in soil and water if not managed responsibly.
In dye production, 2-methylanthraquinone carries value because it allows stable, vivid colors not possible with unsubstituted anthraquinone. This stability under both light and heat gives end-users, including manufacturers of plastics and synthetic fibers, a chemical option that holds up under repeated use or processing. Chemists in research and small-batch manufacturing also rely on its predictable melting range and appearance, since inconsistencies suggest contamination and risk faulty outcomes in sensitive batches. The compound’s registration under HS Code 29146900, marking it as a quinone derivative, smooths trade documentation across borders and aids customs identification, which my own work with logistics has shown to be essential for minimizing supply chain disruption. The versatility as a raw material rests not only on physical properties like flake size or powder flow but also on chemical compatibility with a broad spectrum of other industrial intermediates.
Analytically, 2-methylanthraquinone presents a planar molecular structure, which X-ray and spectroscopic studies confirm. The methyl group at the second carbon shifts the electron density modestly, showing up as peak shifts in NMR and IR spectra. This subtle difference explains why derivative manufacturers request material with strict isomeric purity, since side isomers or unreacted anthraquinone impede downstream catalytic efficiency. Purity usually exceeds 98% on certificates of analysis, and prominent impurities—like anthraquinone or higher methylated forms—get noted because even trace contamination can alter pigment performance or introduce regulatory problems. Physically, the color takes on a distinct yellow shade and forms a shiny crystalline solid under the microscope; this appearance signals proper synthesis and avoids questions from quality assurance teams at the receiving dock. A spectrophotometer reading under standard conditions gives a strong absorbance peak near 325-330 nm.
Density measurements of bulk product sit near 1.34 g/cm³, though batch variation can arise due to residual solvent or packing structure differences. Measuring out this material in the lab, it tends to pack densely in flake or crystal form but becomes airborne easily in fine powder form, so anti-static or dust control measures prove essential. Solubility stays low in water, reinforcing its handling as a solid in most industrial workflows. Organic solvents such as dimethylformamide, benzene, and acetone dissolve it quickly—critical for both large-scale dye production and smaller, research-scale syntheses. This selectivity in solvent interaction lets formulators create solution-phase reactions or coat substrates in a range of industries from synthetic fiber coloring to specialty ink manufacture.
International shipment of 2-methylanthraquinone requires close attention to its hazardous labeling. The classification under GHS points to chronic health risks if handled improperly. Shipping manifests and customs paperwork cite the chemical’s UN number and HS Code. In workplaces, raw material storage areas need to show clear labeling, with secondary containment to avoid accidental release in the event of broken containers or spills. My direct experience in production environments revealed just how quickly fine powders can contaminate surfaces or air if not handled in a contained and ventilated workspace. Environmental authorities in multiple countries flag the compound’s persistence in soil and water, so end-users must develop and maintain waste management protocols that limit long-term ecological impact, usually through chemical degradation or specialist incineration rather than ordinary landfill.
To address the harmful risks from 2-methylanthraquinone, manufacturers must invest in both technical controls, like dust extraction systems, and strong personal protective equipment protocols. In the sites I’ve visited, well-trained staff and robust monitoring systems made the difference between routine operation and preventable exposure incidents. Supplying up-to-date safety information sheets and hosting regular product stewardship seminars helps downstream users comply with safety and regulatory requirements. By focusing on analytical verification—such as regular GC-MS batch testing—producers can deliver consistent quality that supports safe and compliant use across supply chains. It makes sense for both large-scale chemical plants and smaller dye houses to apply a risk-based approach to both handling and waste disposal, reducing possible environmental contamination and protecting the health of workers and neighbors.
2-Methylanthraquinone, defined by its solid crystalline form, specific density, and unique spectral signature, operates as a key raw material for specialty chemicals, dyes, and intermediates. Its chemical structure and physical properties make it valuable for durable coloration processes and for research applications where precise behavior in solution or solid is non-negotiable. Handling practices, storage conditions, and waste treatment affect both workplace safety and environmental outcomes. From my experience, constant attention to detail in quality, safety, and regulatory support forms the backbone of a responsible supply chain for this valuable industrial chemical.
