2-Bromophenol stands out as an aromatic compound recognized for its pale yellow to light brown crystalline form, often encountered as solid flakes or powder. This chemical belongs to the class of brominated phenols, combining the reactivity of a halogen group with the functional behavior of phenols. Typically, 2-Bromophenol forms through the bromination of phenol at the ortho position, marking itself as both a unique raw material and a versatile intermediate in organic synthesis and industrial production. The structure sets it apart with a single bromine atom situated on the benzene ring, influencing properties such as reactivity, solubility, and melting point.
The molecular formula for 2-Bromophenol is C6H5BrO. The compound exhibits a molecular weight of 173.01 g/mol. Structurally, the molecule features a benzene ring with two functional groups: a hydroxyl group (-OH) at the first carbon and a bromine atom at the second carbon, giving it its "2-" designation. This molecular setup imparts a distinct odor, as well as both acidic and halogenated characteristics, and contributes to its utility in a range of chemical reactions and applications.
On close examination, 2-Bromophenol appears in solid form at room temperature, taking the shape of flaky, crystalline, or powdered material. When stored for longer periods or in different environments, it sometimes forms slightly larger crystals or pearls. The density of 2-Bromophenol measures approximately 1.7 g/cm³—this fairly high density for an aromatic compound owes much to the presence of bromine. The melting point lies between 64 to 69°C, and it boils close to 220°C. Although slightly soluble in water, it dissolves readily in organic solvents like ethanol, ether, and benzene. Handling the product requires attention, as it carries a sharp, medicinal odor and poses risks typical of phenolic chemicals.
Industrial buyers consistently demand high purity, often greater than 98%, to meet synthesis or formulation requirements in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and dye manufacturing. Impurities, moisture content, and color all impact final quality, and trace contamination may cause issues in downstream processing. Storage in tightly sealed containers away from direct sunlight and moisture helps preserve the physical and chemical qualities. Batch consistency also matters. Frequent testing for melting point, density, and purity ensures that the product maintains reliability over time, and these parameters find regular mention in safety data sheets and purchase documentation.
2-Bromophenol is classified under HS Code 29081900, covering a broad range of halogenated, sulphonated, nitrated, or nitrosated derivatives of phenols or phenol-alcohols. Shipments need clear hazard labeling under local and international laws. Most suppliers must comply with guidelines such as REACH in Europe or TSCA in the United States. Proper regulatory management helps ensure workplace safety and trouble-free logistics, while non-compliance can halt projects or trigger costly delays at borders.
The physical characteristics of 2-Bromophenol highlight more than just formulation potential—they also demand respect for risk. This chemical presents harmful effects if inhaled, swallowed, or absorbed through skin. The phenolic group brings corrosive behavior, causing burns or irritation. Inhalation can irritate mucous membranes, and accidental release poses hazards for local environments, especially aquatic systems. Workers need gloves, goggles, and well-ventilated workspaces to handle 2-Bromophenol safely. Facilities usually store the substance in corrosion-resistant vessels since the material reacts with oxidizing agents and generates toxic fumes at high temperatures. Emergency protocols for spills and exposure remain critical for laboratories and production lines alike.
As a raw material in organic synthesis, 2-Bromophenol provides a foundation for producing dyes, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and flame-retardant additives. The bromine atom acts as a leaving group, enabling further substitution or coupling reactions, which helps chemists construct more complex molecules with targeted properties. As an intermediate, 2-Bromophenol finds repeated use in research sectors studying how halogenation changes therapeutic activity or environmental persistence. In niche industries, its role as a reference standard or starting reagent assures traceability and replicability across research and development cycles.
Manufacturers offer 2-Bromophenol primarily as crystalline or powder form, but some supply it as liquid solutions at specified concentrations. Powders allow accurate dosing in laboratory dispensing or automated blending equipment. Flakes offer better handling for industrial-scale processes. Pearls or large crystals sometimes appear when storage temperatures fluctuate or when crystallization is controlled in a certain way to minimize dust and benefit material handling. Liquid formulations generally come in standardized solvent matrices for analytical or high-precision synthesis work. Strict quality controls limit particle size variability, reduce dust, and avoid physical contamination.
Chemical production continues to generate questions about sustainable sourcing, safe waste disposal, and environmental fate. Regulatory bodies push for newer manufacturing protocols that decrease impurities, minimize hazardous byproducts, and favor recycling of process streams. Companies investing in better ventilation, spill containment, and employee training see fewer accidents and benefit from long-term operational reliability. Adopting best practices not only protects worker health and surrounding communities but also shields firms from significant legal or cleanup costs. While chemists search for greener alternatives, reliable information sharing and transparency help drive safe chemical use globally. Providing robust safety data, quality testing results, and regulatory compliance certifications supports informed choices in both research and mass production settings.
