2,4-Xylenol stands as a recognized compound among chemical raw materials, with regular application across manufacturing, intermediate synthesis, and specialty chemical production lines. With a chemical formula of C8H10O and a molecular weight of 122.16 g/mol, it is known for its distinct, pungent odor. This compound appears as solid or crystalline flakes at room temperature, yet it melts into a viscous liquid slightly above ambient conditions, showing a melting point around 44°C and boiling point near 210°C.
This material can show up in several forms—solid flakes, powder, pearled granules, and, when sufficiently heated, as a clear to pale yellow liquid. The bulk density floats around 1.02 to 1.04 g/cm³, meaning it’s not heavy for the volume packed in storage drums or bags. Its specific gravity echoes this reading, making it simple to estimate the total load transported or required for process batches. These textural and form choices influence handling, storage, and mixing. For the purposes of accuracy in inventory or process tracking, the HS Code most commonly referenced is 2908 19 00, which standardizes trade across borders.
2,4-Xylenol features a benzene ring backbone with two methyl groups and one hydroxyl group at the 2 and 4 and 1 positions. Its chemical structure, CH3C6H3(OH)CH3, gives rise to properties such as moderate volatility and solubility in organic solvents including alcohol, ether, and chloroform, but it barely dissolves in water. These characteristics affect processing choices. Its vapor can irritate airways if inhaled directly, and direct skin contact leads to tingling or even burns in sensitive individuals. Its flash point stands at about 83°C—high enough to avoid accidental ignition in most normal settings, but vigilance is needed in hot environments.
In its industrial role, 2,4-Xylenol plays into the synthesis of phenolic resins, disinfectants, and as a building block in pesticide and dye production. I’ve seen it used in smaller research batches where purity and consistent specification matter, with users confirming physical state, appearance, and moisture content before committing to longer runs. The form—whether as crystalline solid, solution, or melted liquid—often depends on plant or lab requirements, as each form suits a different scale or application.
Experience in warehouse and production environments reinforces the need for gloves, goggles, and effective fume hoods when dealing with 2,4-Xylenol. Direct inhalation and skin absorption always bring up health worries—manufacturers must list clear hazard information, and I’ve watched operators benefit from proper ventilation systems and labeled storage. The compound’s hazardous status comes from toxic effects on tissues if exposure exceeds recommended limits. Environmental release, especially in water, should be avoided since xylenols resist breakdown and can linger, risking plant and aquatic life. Routine training and clear signage, backed by Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) access, help prevent accidents.
With a formula of C8H10O, its specifications often include minimum purity (usually upwards of 98%), low moisture content, stable melting range, and consistent solid or crystalline form. Bulk shipments to manufacturing settings often specify flake or granular solid; laboratories often request smaller, high-purity powder or pre-dissolved solution. The density sits tight in the 1.02 g/cm³ range at 20°C. These parameters directly impact process yields, downstream product quality, and even waste disposal planning.
Based on years organizing and auditing industrial storerooms, a real key to reducing harm comes down to transparent hazard labeling and rigorous inventory management. Spills—common with crystals or melted solids—should use absorbent material and protective gear to limit skin or environmental contact. Regular review of handling processes and container condition keeps problems in check. Waste streams must run through authorized collection and treatment facilities to prevent uncontrolled environmental release. Alternatives to direct 2,4-Xylenol use, such as using less volatile or less toxic phenol derivatives, may offer benefit, subject to performance in end-use applications.
Understanding the physical properties and practical hazards of 2,4-Xylenol isn’t just a matter of ticking compliance boxes. It’s about preventing incident, minimizing impact, and improving worker health and ecological balance. Solutions start with transparent specification sheets, robust training, and by never treating hazardous chemicals as routine—even if they appear harmless as shiny flakes or clear solution on a shelf.
