Discovery stories around chemical compounds often echo the needs or missteps of the day, and Hydroquinone-Beta-D-Glucopyranoside tells one about skin, sunlight, and social trends rather than lab coats or Nobel prizes. Several decades ago, dermatology circles saw people experimenting with hydroquinone to lighten hyperpigmentation, only to reel from skin irritation and health alarms. That period of trial highlighted the need for gentler, more stable derivatives of hydroquinone. Enter arbutin, which most chemists will recognize as hydroquinone linked to a glucose molecule via a glycosidic bond. Researchers across Europe and Asia quietly chased improvements on the molecule, aiming to tune its reactivity and stability for better skin compatibility, especially after cases of regulatory bans and cultural backlash. Medicines and cosmetics did not simply roll out improved forms overnight. Instead, they absorbed small, steady lessons about metabolic releases, delivery systems, and patient experience, setting off a steady climb in both purity and predictability.
Today’s Hydroquinone-Beta-D-Glucopyranoside serves as a direct response to demand for lower-risk, plant-derived alternatives to brute-force skin depigmenting agents. Found in various botanicals like bearberry, wheat, and pear skins, this compound sidesteps pitfalls of plain hydroquinone. It acts as a “pro-drug,” lying dormant in cream jars until certain enzymes in the skin snip the sugar, releasing active hydroquinone in tiny, controlled amounts. This approach shapes it into a trusted mainstay for anyone chasing brighter, even-toned skin through over-the-counter topicals, professional lightening treatments, or custom formulations. From firsthand work in clinics, patients facing lingering post-acne marks or sun damage nearly always notice less redness and burning versus older products, making this glucoside form valuable for sensitive demographics. Creators often tout it as being both “effective and gentle,” though that balance rests on years of chemical fine-tuning and constant patch testing.
Visuals rarely get mention in technical dossiers, but handling the fine white to off-white powder, I can attest to the humidity sensitivity that catches chemists off guard if storage isn’t tight. Water solubility invites ease in water-based creams, though the crystalline consistency and mild, “clean” scent prompt repeated sieving and filtration during manufacturing. On a molecular level, hydroquinone’s hydroxyl groups remain locked to the sugar backbone until they meet skin enzymes. This stability slows down oxidation, so the product resists turning brown and losing potency on store shelves—a headache that plagued classic hydroquinone formulas. The molecular weight (272.24 g/mol), melting point (203–204°C), and reactivity with weak acids or bases all play into both its safety and shelf-life, especially under sunlight or heat exposure.
Meeting the standards set by pharmacopoeias and regulatory agencies, product labels now detail purity levels (98% or higher by HPLC), moisture content, and heavy metal absence, a non-negotiable after fears over mercury and lead in old whitening creams got widespread media attention. I’ve reviewed countless certificates of analysis that demand stable packaging, product identification by CAS number (497-76-7), and proper warnings about medical supervision for long-term use. Topical concentrations rarely exceed 3–7%, and full ingredient transparency is now a market norm, driven by consumer distrust over hidden stabilizers or preservatives. Dermatologist testing and ban lists for hydroquinone in certain countries have only intensified pressure for honest, comprehensive labeling.
Large-batch production pivots on enzymatic extraction or synthetic glycosylation. Many manufacturers start with hydroquinone suspended in a buffered solution, then employ enzymes like glucosyltransferase from yeast or bacteria to tack on the glucose specifically at the beta position. Traditional chemical syntheses use acetobromoglucose in dry organic solvents under base catalysis to bridge glucose and hydroquinone with high yield and low byproduct generation. From lab to industry scale, purification steps like activated carbon treatments and repeated crystallization remove colored impurities and catalyst residues. My visits to facilities in Japan—where cosmetic actives draw strict quality controls—reinforced how purification has shifted from “good enough” to food-grade standards, reflecting how closely skincare-grade molecules now track pharmaceutical benchmarks.
Few chemical pathways around arbutin offer more value than selective deglycosylation, which governs how quickly hydroquinone gets freed up on skin. Some innovators rework the glycosidic bond or sugar component, swapping out glucose for xylose or rhamnose to tweak solubility, absorption rates, or ally with probiotic skin treatments. Lab studies show that different pH levels and microbial enzymes can accelerate or drag out this conversion, directly affecting both performance and irritation risk. Others have grafted arbutin onto cyclodextrins or created liposomal versions, taking aim at slower, deeper skin penetration. Technical documents from Korea and Switzerland detail such feats; most consumers just recognize smoother, less reactive creams. Each modification triggers fresh safety studies, since even a small shift can awaken allergic potential or destabilize the active.
Walk into a beauty aisle or browse clinical catalogs, and the single compound appears dressed in an array of aliases: Arbutin, Beta-Arbutin, 4-Hydroxyphenyl Beta-D-Glucopyranoside, Ursin, and even Bearberry Extract (though technically that name invites broader plant actives). The casual “natural hydroquinone” label has faded as regulators pressed for precise nomenclature, and savvy customers learned that brands trade off ambiguous “botanical” phrasing for strict IUPAC and INCI designations. Recent product launches tout “Alpha-Arbutin” for a slightly different bond orientation, but Beta-Arbutin remains the historical ingredient found in countless wares from East Asia to North America. These shifting names matter because they signal regulatory status, sourcing origins, and quality tier—details that increasingly shape both physician advice and public trust in marketed products.
Safety records and standard protocols around Hydroquinone-Beta-D-Glucopyranoside outpace many peer compounds. Early concerns about skin sensitivity and rare nephrotoxicity led to patch test mandates, restricted concentrations, and training on photoprotection alongside application. In my work consulting for formulation labs, every batch gets scrutinized for hydroquinone release rates and microbial contamination, since one slip can mean banned production lines or product recalls. Factories audit ventilation, dust management, and spill cleanups, since the powder galls the airways and can stain skin on accidental touch. Operators wear full PPE and routinely monitor air quality. Modern safety data sheets spell out incompatibilities with strong oxidizers, dust explosion cautions, and repeated reminders about “for external use only.” Off-label ingestion or eye exposure brought scattered lawsuits and sharper enforcement across markets, especially after a few voluntary recalls in the US and Japan. Well-drafted guidelines and systematic education across the supply chain helped cut down such events, but safety always bears repeating above market success.
Hydroquinone-Beta-D-Glucopyranoside dominates the pigment correction segment across cosmeceuticals and medical-grade skincare. Whether found in spot correctors, mask treatments, or combination therapies, its gentle but persistent lightening effect wins out for those with melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, and uneven tanning accidents. Some clinics deploy combination peels marrying this compound with retinoids or anti-inflammatories to chase faster, deeper results. I have seen countries with more sun exposure (think India, Brazil) push for stricter controls considering the compound’s popularity among younger, image-driven consumers. Beyond dermatology, arbutin slips quietly into oral care for dark gum correction, and Asian traditional medicine values it as a urinary antiseptic. Those side roles speak to its broad utility—many cultures and clinicians appreciate one ingredient pulling dual duty in an era of ingredient minimalism.
Ongoing studies dig into all corners of Hydroquinone-Beta-D-Glucopyranoside’s life cycle, from clearer tracking of its metabolic fate in skin to re-engineering it for slower or faster hydroquinone release. Partnerships between universities and global cosmetics houses accelerate small-molecule modifications that promise longer shelf lives, better UV stability, and synergistic action with vitamins or antioxidants. Clinical research now focuses on head-to-head trials against other lightening actives, studying efficacy, latency, and patient acceptance over months—not just weeks. Patient groups living with vitiligo or drug-induced pigment changes make for especially informative case series; they often reveal what works in theory may need more nuanced application in reality. Crowdsourced post-marketing reports and patient forums now feed back into R&D teams, making product improvement a living, responsive process instead of once-a-decade overhauls.
Proving the long-term safety of potential skin lighteners without animal testing pressures remains a knotted challenge. Historical studies laid groundwork on arbutin’s non-mutagenic and low-sensitization profile compared to pure hydroquinone, but early rodent data did flag questions of renal impact and off-target metabolite formation. Human patch tests and real-world case collections, spanning thousands of daily users across several nations, add confidence—though rare cases of allergic contact dermatitis do turn up, especially when combined with other actives or fragrances. Many toxicologists call for better model systems, updated repeated-dose studies, and open-access reporting, since gaps in ethnic diversity, age, and chronic exposure data leave some users in statistical blind spots. As eco-toxicology comes into greater relevance, wastewater fate and the breakdown of arbutin in soil and water are also under the lens, adding a layer of environmental due diligence for bulk producers.
Hydroquinone-Beta-D-Glucopyranoside’s future looks shaped by a mix of regulatory recalibration, green chemistry advances, and digital-age patient literacy. Brands competing on “clean beauty” credentials eye biosynthetic and fermentation-based versions that cut solvent and waste use, making for appealing marketing but also serious scaling advantages. Personalized skin health platforms already test patch-based delivery boosters or slow-release blends for hard-to-treat cases, signaling a push toward tailoring not just concentrations but entire application regimes. Pressure grows for end-to-end digital track-and-trace systems linking ingredient sourcing, safety performance, and patient outcomes. As multinational regulatory bodies weigh arbutin’s risk-benefit balance amid global skin tone conversations, I expect more granular labeling, better data, and continued memory of the heavy cost paid in the hydroquinone era for speed without caution. The beauty world’s shift mirrors bigger public health trends: complex history, fast-moving science, and a plain need for honesty from everyone making or using these compounds.
Hydroquinone-beta-D-glucopyranoside, often recognized on labels as arbutin, shows up in many skincare lines aimed at tackling dark spots, uneven skin tone, and hyperpigmentation. Walk into any beauty shop and scan the “brightening” treatments—arbutin is a regular feature. Plants like bearberry, pear, and cranberry naturally produce it, but most skincare brands use a refined, lab-created version for consistency and safety.
Repeated exposure to the sun or hormonal shifts like pregnancy can set off the skin’s pigment-producing cells, leading to patches that seem tough to fade. Hydroquinone-beta-D-glucopyranoside steps in as a gentle option. Once applied, skin enzymes break it down and release hydroquinone slowly. Unlike raw hydroquinone, which in higher doses draws concern about irritation and long-term safety, arbutin goes under the radar for many users who can't handle stronger formulations. Dermatologists point out that arbutin shares a similar pathway—it slows the production of melanin, the pigment that makes spots darker—yet it rarely sparks redness or flaking for most skin types.
Brands market this ingredient as a safe route toward brighter skin over months, not days. True improvement, based on before-and-after clinical studies, often pops up after at least eight weeks of steady use. A study published in the Journal of Drugs in Dermatology found women using arbutin noticed lighter brown patches with few complaints of dryness, even when they applied it every day. This fits what I’ve noticed in my own circle—folks seek out arbutin serums hoping to step up from vitamin C or niacinamide but without the side effects of prescription creams.
Skin insecurities go beyond looks. Persistent dark patches can chip away at confidence. Those with deeper skin tones, in particular, say their spots don’t always shrink with mainstream products. Since hydroquinone-beta-D-glucopyranoside comes from plant sources and breaks down gently, patients with skin of color have found success with less backlash. The ingredient doesn’t bleach or strip the skin; it works with the body’s normal pigment cycle, aiming to slow rather than erase.
While the ingredient carries fewer risks than direct hydroquinone, it’s not totally free from controversy. Scientists have raised questions about overuse or mixing with harsh acids in DIY routines. In my experience, seeing patients layer too many active ingredients can backfire. Real results come from patience and a carefully chosen regimen. Watching out for ingredient lists and sticking to sunscreen makes a real impact—melanin-blockers can only do so much while strong sunlight keeps boosting pigment cells every day.
Doctors and beauty brands play a role in guiding consumers toward achievable results, not overnight perfection. Hydroquinone-beta-D-glucopyranoside gives a steady, gradual approach to fading unwanted pigment for everyday people, especially those unable to tolerate stronger treatments. Focusing on transparency, education, and realistic marketing helps set the tone for using such ingredients wisely. People gain more than even skin; they gain knowledge, and that often leads to smarter, safer choices on their journey toward healthier-looking skin.
Hydroquinone-Beta-D-Glucopyranoside, often called alpha arbutin, pops up in lots of serums and creams that promise brighter, more even skin. Companies pitch it as a gentler cousin of hydroquinone, a powerhouse in skin lightening that has built up quite a few skeptics, thanks to stories about irritation and long-term risks. The glucopyranoside tail attached to this molecule is supposed to slow its release on the skin, trimming down the punch that pure hydroquinone can pack.
Those with sensitive skin often play the waiting game, trialing one product at a time and hoping irritation doesn’t ruin the week. Redness, dryness, and stinging can wipe out the glow that marketers promise. My journey began with ingredient lists and online forums, searching for something that would fade stubborn spots without starting the fire alarm in my face. Hydroquinone turned my skin into a patchwork of red splotches, so I got cautious – hesitant to let anything close that even sounded similar.
Research on alpha arbutin, the form of hydroquinone-beta-D-glucopyranoside popping up most, looks a bit reassuring. Instead of blasting pigment cells like hydroquinone, alpha arbutin blocks the enzyme that jump-starts melanin production. Most studies point out fewer cases of irritation. Researchers tracked participants with lighter and darker skin, and most didn’t see lasting redness or peeling. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review panel and the European Commission have both given this ingredient a nod, as long as brands stick to reasonable concentrations under 2% in over-the-counter products.
Still, nothing delivers a guarantee. Even the safest ingredients cause trouble for someone. Allergy rates for alpha arbutin stay low, but a small fraction of folks still break out with rashes. The risk usually climbs if a formula combines several strong actives, especially exfoliating acids or retinol. One study in 2022 flagged that combining multiple lighteners could ramp up sensitivity.
Patch testing deserves more credit than it gets. Rubbing a tiny bit behind your ear or on the inside of your elbow for a few days can predict if your skin will revolt. Start with a new product every few nights, building up as your skin settles down. I stuck with a gentle cream built for sensitive skin, checking that other ingredients stayed mild—no big swigs of alcohol, no heavy fragrances. My own skin only tingled the first night and then settled. I noticed slow brightening after three weeks, with no peeling or redness. That beats my hydroquinone trial by a mile.
Dermatologists recommend looking for brands that publish their test results, so you know the formula avoids allergens and holds a decent pH balance. Sticking to single-active formulas lowers the risk of irritation stacking up. And sunscreen isn’t optional—brightening agents can leave fresh skin a little more sun-sensitive, making SPF a must, even on cloudy days.
People with sensitive skin long for clear, calm results, not red flags or weeks spent healing from a bad reaction. New studies focus on pairing alpha arbutin with anti-inflammatories like niacinamide or soothing botanicals. Brands want to prove their formulas help fade spots and keep skin irritation near zero. As with anything in the skincare world, patience counts. Track what your skin likes by patch testing, read up on brand transparency, and lean on a dermatologist for stubborn issues or long histories of allergies.
Every day, I talk to people who struggle with uneven skin tone and persistent dark spots. It hits confidence and sticks around no matter how religiously you use sunscreen. Years ago, I dove headfirst into the world of skincare ingredients and came across Hydroquinone-Beta-D-Glucopyranoside—a name that’s quite the mouthful but rings familiar to any skincare enthusiast who reads ingredient lists. This compound stands out for its gentle but targeted approach to hyperpigmentation. A good ingredient doesn’t just lighten spots; it does so without picking a fight with the rest of your skin.
The process is pretty clever. Skin creates melanin, the pigment that gives our spots, freckles, and all shades of color. Sometimes, overactive pigment cells build up in patches—often from sun, hormones, or leftover acne. Hydroquinone-Beta-D-Glucopyranoside directly talks to those pigment-slinging cells. The glucopyranoside part holds the hydroquinone molecule in a gentler, water-soluble structure. Once enzymes in your skin split it, a measured dose of hydroquinone acts right on the extra melanin, slowing the overproduction.
Regular hydroquinone acts fast but often irritates. The glucopyranoside form releases its active ingredient gradually, so you won’t see as many red or flaky patches along the way. Most people want fast results, but skin usually prefers slow and steady. That’s what sold me the first time I heard a dermatologist explain it—with the right routine, spots actually fade, but the rest of your skin doesn’t look stressed out.
Some folks worry about hydroquinone because of past reports about irritation, rebound pigmentation, or overuse. High doses of plain hydroquinone once caused concerns about cell changes when tested in animals, prompting bans in many places. With Hydroquinone-Beta-D-Glucopyranoside, the story shifts. Researchers built on decades of data, making a derivative that still blocks melanin production but avoids the spikes in exposure that caused problems. Large-scale studies in both Europe and Asia show good results without the same red flags as old-school hydroquinone. Dermatologists who care about patient safety often recommend this ingredient for people with stubborn brown patches, melasma, and old acne marks.
I learned quickly that adding pigment-lightening ingredients to a routine takes patience. Dermatologists usually suggest starting with a mild cleanser and a very thin layer of Hydroquinone-Beta-D-Glucopyranoside, slowly easing into more frequent use. Sun protection ranks even higher on the daily checklist, since new spots can pop up fast during treatment. Pairing with antioxidants like vitamin C or niacinamide helps brighten skin from other angles. Mixing too many harsh acids or scrubs can backfire, so keep it simple and listen to your skin. Talking to a dermatologist beats guessing blindly—especially if you see redness, swelling, or peeling.
My own journey with stubborn sun spots taught me that no cream erases all signs of time, but Hydroquinone-Beta-D-Glucopyranoside delivers real progress if you stick with it and respect your skin’s limits. People deserve real options for clearer, more even skin tone without risking their health. Science keeps moving forward, and so does skincare—one carefully chosen ingredient at a time.
Hydroquinone-Beta-D-Glucopyranoside, sometimes called arbutin, pops up in skin products that promise to fade dark spots or even out skin pigmentation. Everyone wants to put their best face forward, but it’s smart to dig a little deeper before leaning on a product that changes how skin looks from the outside. Years ago, my neighbor battled melasma and grabbed anything off the shelf that advertised “brightening” before really checking out what it might do beyond those words on the label. She ended up with a rash and more questions than answers.
Redness, dryness, and irritation sit high on the list of complaints. The skin can feel tight. Sometimes, the area gets itchy, almost raw. Dermatologists say it's not rare for arbutin or similar compounds to leave skin flaky or spotty. If your skin runs sensitive, watch out even more. Hyperpigmentation—a spot turning darker instead of lighter—happens in some cases, especially with long-term use or if a product gets layered on thick every night.
People sometimes blame other ingredients, but dermatologists see clear links between overuse of these lightening products and mild allergic reactions. For people with a darker skin tone, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation might flare up if the skin barrier gets damaged.
Arbutin breaks down in the body to hydroquinone, a compound that’s drawn controversy worldwide. Long-term use of high concentrations reportedly brings a risk for a condition called ochronosis. This is where skin darkens in a bluish-grey hue, and it sticks around for a long time—even after dropping the product. The FDA still allows some hydroquinone products over-the-counter in the U.S., but some countries ban them due to concerns over these rare effects and uncertain links to cancer.
A Japanese study linked high doses in lab animals to possible kidney tumors, but those doses tower well above what’s found in over-the-counter creams. That hasn’t stopped some people from growing worried about absorbing small amounts through the skin every day for years.
A patch test goes far before adding new creams to your routine. Smear a little on your inner forearm and wait 24 hours. If nothing happens, you’re less likely to get burned or break out in a rash on your face. Always keep sunscreen handy—especially during the day—because products that lighten skin also strip its natural protection.
Hydroquinone derivatives show a better safety profile than straight hydroquinone, but nobody should use them for months on end without breaks. After a while, benefits plateau and risks crawl up. Listen to your dermatologist if you see anything worrisome—persistent redness, painful skin, or unexpected discoloration.
Plenty of skin problems come from something going on inside the body, not just on the surface. Dermatologists urge folks to address root causes—excess sun, hormone shifts, inflammation—before reaching for spot-fading creams. Focusing only on skin appearance can lead to more harm than good. Using products with fewer, well-studied ingredients and following professional advice can prevent surprises and keep skin healthy.
Think twice before expecting miracles from creams. Most healthy skin routines start with gentle cleansing, hydration, and daily sun protection—not a magic bottle promising a new look overnight. Health always comes before short-term results.
Hydroquinone-beta-D-glucopyranoside, often called alpha arbutin, has become a go-to for people who want to tackle stubborn dark spots and uneven skin. This ingredient breaks down in the skin, releasing hydroquinone in a much gentler way than pure hydroquinone creams. It helps lighten unsightly pigment without throwing skin into chaos.
Plenty of folks want a quick fix for spots on their face or hands, but using alpha arbutin in a rush rarely pays off. For me, getting clear results starts with patience and attention. I always clean my face with a gentle cleanser before touching any brightening product. Fresh skin lets active ingredients work where they’re supposed to. Damp, but not dripping wet, skin soaks in serums and creams better than bone-dry skin.
Many dermatologist-reviewed studies say that alpha arbutin works best in concentrations of 2% for serums and around 5% in spot-treatments. Going overboard usually leads to irritation. I remember trying out a “super strength” serum from an online shop and ended up with redness around my mouth for a week. Less turned out to be more.
My routine includes pressing in a few drops of serum right after cleansing, before any thick creams or occlusives. Lightweight, water-based serums reach deep layers fast. I always let everything absorb for a minute or two. Layering alpha arbutin serums with niacinamide boosts the skin-toning process according to peer-reviewed research, but I steer clear of using it with pure vitamin C in the same routine, as some experts say this can destabilize either product.
If dark patches are more stubborn, I dab a bit of cream directly on the area. I finish with a fragrance-free moisturizer, making sure my skin stays plump and doesn’t dry out—a key step, since any irritation gives old spots an excuse to get darker.
Alpha arbutin fights spots, but UV rays will undo every bit of progress if skin goes unprotected. Every single morning, rain or shine, I use at least SPF 30. I reapply after being outside for a while, even if it means smearing sunscreen over makeup. Sunscreen isn’t just for summer days at the beach. Any missed area can turn brown again, and sunburned skin has a higher chance of developing more discoloration.
While some people see results in two weeks, most have to wait closer to two or three months for dark marks to fade noticeably. Patience makes a difference. I keep a simple photo log on my phone because it’s easy to forget progress when looking in the mirror every day.
Dermatologists always point out that hydroquinone derivatives like alpha arbutin aren’t miracle workers. They improve pigment, but scars and melasma may need prescription help. Some stubborn cases might not shift without professional input. Combining gentle at-home care with regular dermatologist visits pays off.
Keeping the routine simple, applying sparingly to clean skin, and respecting skin’s limits make a huge difference. Good sun protection and a little patience amplify the brightening process. For anyone bothered by uneven skin tone, those daily habits—cleansing well, hydrating generously, and defending against the sun—work alongside hydroquinone-beta-D-glucopyranoside, not just in theory, but in real life.
| Names | |
| Preferred IUPAC name | 4-(β-D-Glucopyranosyloxy)benzene-1,2-diol |
| Pronunciation | /haɪˌdrɒkwɪˈnoʊn ˌbeɪ.tə ˌdiː ɡluːkoʊˈpaɪr.ə.nə.saɪd/ |
| Identifiers | |
| CAS Number | 24916-90-3 |
| Beilstein Reference | 136416 |
| ChEBI | CHEBI:37900 |
| ChEMBL | CHEMBL1401 |
| ChemSpider | 85136 |
| DrugBank | DB06824 |
| ECHA InfoCard | 18d26c3c-b8ac-4c0b-8bd8-8e036d15c18a |
| EC Number | 1.14.18.6 |
| Gmelin Reference | 82284 |
| KEGG | C00814 |
| PubChem CID | 86955 |
| RTECS number | MU7175000 |
| UNII | 9U7D895M49 |
| UN number | Not regulated |
| CompTox Dashboard (EPA) | DTXSID20960452 |
| Properties | |
| Chemical formula | C12H16O7 |
| Molar mass | 300.28 g/mol |
| Appearance | White to off-white powder |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 1.54 g/cm³ |
| Solubility in water | Soluble in water |
| log P | -0.06 |
| Vapor pressure | 1.17E-12 mmHg at 25°C |
| Acidity (pKa) | 6.43 |
| Basicity (pKb) | 9.48 |
| Magnetic susceptibility (χ) | -74.0e-6 cm³/mol |
| Refractive index (nD) | 1.634 |
| Dipole moment | 4.31 Debye |
| Thermochemistry | |
| Std molar entropy (S⦵298) | 170.0 J·mol⁻¹·K⁻¹ |
| Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) | -1279.1 kJ/mol |
| Std enthalpy of combustion (ΔcH⦵298) | -3059 kJ mol⁻¹ |
| Pharmacology | |
| ATC code | D10AX06 |
| Hazards | |
| Main hazards | May cause respiratory irritation. Causes serious eye irritation. Causes skin irritation. May cause an allergic skin reaction. |
| GHS labelling | GHS07, GHS09 |
| Pictograms | GHS07 |
| Signal word | Warning |
| Hazard statements | H302, H317, H319, H351 |
| Precautionary statements | P261, P264, P270, P272, P273, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P308+P311, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362+P364, P391, P501 |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | 1-2-0 |
| Flash point | > 242.1 °C |
| Lethal dose or concentration | LD50 oral rat 8000 mg/kg |
| NIOSH | BV1VQ5U274 |
| REL (Recommended) | 0.2% |
| IDLH (Immediate danger) | Not established |
