Product Name: Chlorophenol
Chemical Family: Aromatic chlorinated hydrocarbon
Synonyms: Multichlorophenol forms (2-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol)
CAS Number: 95-57-8 (for 2-chlorophenol, as an example)
Intended Use: Chemical intermediate, disinfectant, wood preservative, pesticide manufacture
Manufacturer: Refer to packaging or supplier documentation
Emergency Contact: Refer to local Poison Control and fire services phone numbers
Hazard Classes: Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), skin and eye irritation, aquatic chronic hazard
Label Elements: Signal word: Danger, Hazard pictograms: Skull & crossbones, Exclamation mark, Environment
Hazard Statements: Causes severe skin and eye irritation, toxic if swallowed or inhaled, suspected of damaging organs with repeated exposure, highly toxic to aquatic organisms
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion
Potential Health Effects: Burning sensation, headaches, respiratory discomfort, nausea, vomiting, risk of organ damage with repeated contact
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing fumes, use adequate personal protective equipment, prevent environmental release
Chemical Identity: Chlorophenol
Content: 90-100% by weight (for technical grade)
Common Impurities: Traces of dichlorophenol, picric acid, water
Formulation: Colorless to white crystalline solid for pure, may appear pale to brown when mixed or aged
Inhalation: Move individual to fresh air, support breathing if needed, seek medical attention promptly
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing immediately, wash skin with plenty of soap and water for no less than 15 minutes, seek medical advice
Eye Contact: Flush eyes with gentle running water for at least 15 minutes, keep eyelids open, get medical help
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting, rinse mouth, call poison control and obtain urgent medical care
Note to Physician: Treat as phenolic poisoning, monitor for respiratory distress, maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Carbon dioxide, dry chemical, foam, water spray for larger fires
Hazards from Combustion: Produces toxic fumes including phosgene, hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide
Special PPE for Firefighting: Self-contained breathing apparatus, fully protective gear
Advice for Firefighters: Exercise caution, contain runoff to prevent environmental contamination
Explosion Risk: Dust or vapor may form explosive mixtures with air in confined spaces, avoid sources of ignition
Personal Precautions: Evacuate unprotected personnel, wear chemically resistant gloves, goggles, appropriate respirator
Environmental Precautions: Prevent entry into waterways, surface water, or drains as product is toxic to aquatic organisms
Spill Clean-Up Methods: Absorb with earth, sand, or inert material; collect into labeled, closed containers for disposal; ventilate area; decontaminate surfaces with caustic solution and water
Disposal: Dispose of waste in accordance with local environmental regulations as hazardous waste
Safe Handling: Use only in well-ventilated areas or fume hood, avoid breathing vapors or dust, wear appropriate protective clothing, avoid direct contact
Storage Conditions: Store in tightly closed containers, in cool, dry, well-ventilated space, away from direct sunlight and incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers and acids
Storage Incompatibilities: Do not store with strong bases or acids, oxidizing agents
Packaging: Ensure containers are clearly labeled and made from compatible materials (typically glass or specific plastics)
Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL: 5 ppm (skin); ACGIH TLV: 5 ppm (skin)
Engineering Controls: Local exhaust ventilation, fume hoods for laboratory work, explosion-proof electricals in process areas
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Splash goggles, chemical resistant gloves (nitrile or neoprene), lab coat, chemical apron, respiratory protection if inhalation risk exists
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands and face after handling, do not eat, drink or smoke in work area, remove contaminated clothing promptly
Physical State: Solid at room temperature; can appear as oily liquid above melting point
Color: White to pale yellow crystals
Odor: Strong, medicinal, phenolic odor
Melting Point: 43 – 44.5°C (2-chlorophenol)
Boiling Point: 174°C at 101 kPa
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene
Vapor Pressure: 0.4 mmHg at 25°C
Density: 1.28 g/cm³ at 20°C
pH: Weakly acidic in water (pKa ~8.5)
Flash Point: 80°C (closed cup)
Partition Coefficient (log Kow): 2.2 – 2.5
Stability: Stable under recommended storage conditions; may darken with age or exposure to light
Reactive With: Strong acids, bases, oxidizing agents
Hazardous Polymerization: Does not occur under normal handling
Decomposition Products: Hydrogen chloride, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, phosgene, polychlorinated dioxins (incomplete combustion)
Conditions to Avoid: High temperatures, open flames, incompatible chemicals, sources of ignition
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 (rat): ~400 mg/kg; Skin LD50 (rabbit): ~850 mg/kg; Inhalation LC50 (rat, 4h): ~1.4 mg/L
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, skin/eye absorption, ingestion
Symptoms: Irritation, redness, burns, systemic toxicity, central nervous system depression, liver and kidney effects, methemoglobinemia
Chronic Toxicity: Repeated exposure may damage liver, kidneys, respiratory tract, nervous system
Carcinogenicity: Not classed as a human carcinogen by IARC; some evidence of DNA damage in laboratory studies
Mutagenicity: Laboratory tests show possible genotoxicity in bacteria and mammalian cells
Reproductive Toxicity: Animal data indicate potential risk for reproductive or developmental effects with high exposure
Sensitization: Skin contact can trigger allergic reactions in sensitive individuals
Aquatic Toxicity: Highly toxic to aquatic organisms, acute EC50 (Daphnia) around 1 mg/L, chronic effects at even lower concentrations
Persistence & Degradability: Degrades slowly in the environment, persistence in soil and water possible, photo-degradation under sunlight helps break it down
Bioaccumulative Potential: Moderate bioaccumulation in aquatic life (log Kow 2.2–2.5)
Mobility in Soil: Moderate mobility, risk of contaminating groundwater in poorly managed spill situations
Other Environmental Impacts: Disruption of microbial populations, potential to enter food chain and concentrate in organisms
Waste Disposal: Treat as hazardous chemical waste; incinerate in authorized facilities equipped for halogenated organics, do not landfill bulk quantities
Container Disposal: Rinse thoroughly, triple rinse with compatible solvent, then dispose of as hazardous waste
Precautions: Handle contaminated residues and solutions as hazardous material, follow local regulations for destruction and discharge
UN Number: UN 2020
Shipping Name: Chlorophenols, solid
Transport Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic substances)
Packing Group: II
Labeling Requirements: Toxic, Environmentally Hazardous Substance (Marine Pollutant)
Special Precautions: Keep containers upright, tightly closed, segregated from food, feed, incompatible chemicals
US EPA: Classified as hazardous waste under RCRA (U037), listed on CERCLA with reportable quantity
OSHA: Regulated as hazardous substance, specific permissible exposure limits apply
European Union: REACH registered substance; labeled according to CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008
Canada: DSL/NDSL listed, subject to WHMIS regulations
International Inventories: Listed on TSCA, EINECS, AICS, DSL, ENCS, and other chemical inventories worldwide
Restrictions: Use and discharge restrictions in water and soil; special requirements for storage, transportation, and disposal due to high aquatic toxicity and persistence
