Product Name: 3-Aminophenol
Synonyms: m-Aminophenol, 3-Hydroxyaniline
Chemical Formula: C6H7NO
CAS Number: 591-27-5
Molecular Weight: 109.13 g/mol
Recommended Use: Intermediate in dyes, pharmaceuticals, photographic developers
Manufacturer Information: Chemical supply companies typically provide this, always source from reputable vendors with transparent safety documentation.
Emergency Contact: CHEMTREC: +1-800-424-9300 (USA), consult local emergency numbers elsewhere.
GHS Classification: Acute Toxicity (Oral, Dermal, Inhalation); Skin Irritant; Eye Irritant
Signal Word: Warning
Hazard Statements: Harmful if swallowed, harmful if inhaled, causes skin irritation, causes serious eye irritation
Pictograms: Exclamation Mark (GHS07)
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing dust or vapor, avoid contact with eyes and skin, wash thoroughly after handling, use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area
Potential Health Effects: Inhalation may trigger respiratory tract irritation; contact can cause redness, swelling, or burns on skin; eye contact may result in pain and potential vision disruption.
Chemical Name: 3-Aminophenol
CAS Number: 591-27-5
Concentration: > 98% (as standard laboratory grade material)
Impurities: Residual hydrocarbons or water traces in minor proportions; detailed impurity profile must be sourced from supplier-specific certificates of analysis.
General Advice: Remove victim from exposure, seek immediate medical attention if symptoms persist or are severe.
Eye Contact: Flush with a continuous gentle stream of water for at least 15 minutes, lifting eyelids periodically; seek medical attention without delay.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated clothing, wash the skin with plenty of soap and water for at least 15 minutes, consult a doctor if irritation develops.
Inhalation: Move to fresh air, support breathing as needed, seek medical advice especially if symptoms (coughing, difficulty breathing) appear.
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting, rinse mouth with water (avoid swallowing rinse), seek urgent medical attention and provide physician with MSDS details.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam; avoid high-pressure streams that spread the material.
Specific Hazards: Heat decomposition can emit nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, phenol derivatives; these can be toxic or irritating.
Protective Equipment: Firefighters need full protective clothing and self-contained breathing apparatus.
Special Procedures: Cool affected containers with water from a safe distance, approach upwind to avoid hazardous fumes.
Personal Precautions: Evacuate area and assure adequate ventilation, use protective clothing, gloves, eye/face protection (splash goggles, chemical-resistant gloves).
Environmental Precautions: Prevent runoff into sewers, soil, or waterways. Take steps to contain and absorb spillage using inert materials (sand, vermiculite).
Cleanup Methods: Carefully collect spilled solid with a suitable tool (shovel, dustpan), avoid generating dust, store in closed, labelled waste container; decontaminate area with water.
Handling: Keep away from ignition sources, avoid contact with skin, eyes, and clothing; avoid dust generation; handle only with adequate ventilation, wear protective gear described above.
Storage: Store tightly sealed in a cool, well-ventilated, dry area below 30°C, away from incompatible substances (acids, strong oxidizers). Keep container clearly labeled.
Additional Conditions: Regularly check containers for signs of damage or wear, avoid formation of dust clouds, and ensure emergency eyewash facilities are accessible nearby.
Engineering Controls: Use chemical fume hood or local exhaust to minimize airborne exposure, ensure regular air change in storage and handling areas.
Personal Protective Equipment: Safety goggles or face shield, chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile, neoprene), low-permeability lab coat.
Respiratory Protection: NIOSH-approved respirator for particulate matter when ventilation is insufficient or dust is generated.
Occupational Exposure Limits: No specific ACGIH or OSHA limits found, but general good industrial hygiene advises limiting airborne concentrations to the lowest practicable level.
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands thoroughly after handling; do not eat, drink, or smoke in work area; keep protective equipment clean.
Appearance: White to light brown crystalline powder
Odor: Mild, phenolic
Odor Threshold: Not established
pH (1% solution): Slightly basic
Melting Point: 121–123 °C
Boiling Point: Approx. 288 °C
Flash Point: 182 °C (closed cup)
Solubility: Soluble in water, alcohol, and ether
Vapor Pressure: Very low at room temperature
Density: 1.213 g/cm³
Partition Coefficient (log Kow): 0.01
Decomposition Temperature: Data not readily available, degrades above boiling.
Evaporation Rate: Negligible
Chemical Stability: Stable under normal conditions of temperature and pressure, no significant hazard if kept dry and away from incompatible substances.
Reactivity: Reacts with strong oxidizers, acids, acid chlorides, acyl halides; risk of hazardous decomposition if heated or mixed with incompatible chemicals.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: May form nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, phenolic fumes during thermal decomposition.
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, ignition sources, excessive moisture, direct sunlight, acids and oxidizing agents.
Acute Toxicity (Oral LD50, rat): Approx. 375 mg/kg
Skin Irritation: Irritating to skin on brief or prolonged contact; can cause redness or burns on high exposure.
Eye Irritation: Serious irritation, watering, or lasting damage upon exposure.
Inhalation: Irritating to nasal passages and respiratory tract; high dust concentration may cause headaches, dizziness.
Chronic Effects: Repeated exposure can sensitize the skin, cause allergic reactions; not listed as carcinogen by IARC, ACGIH, NTP, OSHA.
Other Information: May cause organ damage after prolonged or repeated exposure; personal protective practices help limit risk.
Aquatic Toxicity: Toxic to fish and aquatic invertebrates in moderate concentrations (LC50 values typically low mg/L range for freshwater fish).
Persistence and Degradability: Moderately persistent; partial biodegradation possible in soil and water, may degrade more slowly under anoxic conditions.
Bioaccumulative Potential: Low to negligible based on log Kow values.
Mobility in Soil: Likely to show moderate mobility, risk of contaminating groundwater; runoff must be prevented.
Other Adverse Effects: No evidence of ozone depletion, low vapor pressure means little atmospheric transport.
Waste Disposal Methods: Dispose as hazardous chemical waste via licensed facility, comply with local, state, national laws.
Contaminated Packaging: Rinse residue from containers, treat washings as hazardous waste, recycle or incinerate containers only at approved sites.
Special Precautions: Label waste containers, avoid mixing with incompatible substances, record quantities for regulatory compliance.
UN Number: 2512
UN Proper Shipping Name: 3-Aminophenol
Transport Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic substances)
Packing Group: III
Environmental Hazards: Substance potentially hazardous to aquatic environments; reportable quantity may apply.
Special Transport Precautions: Store in secondary containment, keep away from food and feedstuffs, transport with appropriate documentation, avoid exposure to sources of ignition during shipment.
OSHA Status: Regulated as hazardous material under 29 CFR 1910.1200
TSCA: Listed on the US Toxic Substances Control Act inventory
SARA Title III: Not subject to Section 302 or 313 reporting, general reporting may apply. Refer to Section 311/312 (acute hazard).
REACH Status (EU): Registered; manufacturer and downstream users must maintain updated Safety Data Sheets.
Other Regulations: State or province laws may impose additional handling, labeling, and reporting; always check with local authorities before acquiring or using 3-Aminophenol.
