Product Name: 2-Nitrophenol
Synonyms: ortho-Nitrophenol, o-Nitrophenol
Chemical Formula: C6H5NO3
CAS Number: 88-75-5
Use: Commonly found in laboratories as an intermediate for dyes, pesticides, pharmaceuticals.
Supplier: Detailed information comes directly from label or supply records.
Emergency Number: Refer to label or safety officer contact.
Recommended Restrictions: Laboratory research and industrial applications.
GHS Classification: Acute Toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), Eye Irritation, Specific Target Organ Toxicity
Hazard Statements: Fatal if swallowed or inhaled, causes eye and skin irritation, may cause respiratory irritation.
Pictograms: Skull & Crossbones, Exclamation Mark
Signal Word: Danger
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing dust, wash skin thoroughly after handling, use only with proper ventilation, wear protective gear.
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin, and eye contact.
Target Organs: Central nervous system, liver, kidneys.
Chemical Name: 2-Nitrophenol
CAS Number: 88-75-5
Concentration: ≥98% (varies with supplier and specific batch)
Impurities: Typically less than 2%, may include trace substituted phenols from manufacturing.
Molecular Weight: 139.11 g/mol
Inhalation: Remove victim from exposure to fresh air immediately. Support breathing and keep the person warm and at rest. Call for immediate medical attention.
Skin Contact: Rinse skin thoroughly with plenty of water for at least 15 minutes. Remove contaminated clothing. Seek medical attention if symptoms persist.
Eye Contact: Rinse under running water for at least 15 minutes. Keep eyelids open. Get medical help immediately.
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water. Immediately call poison control or a physician.
Important Symptoms/Effects: Can cause headache, nausea, dizziness, blue-tinged skin, respiratory distress.
Emergency Medical Attention: Necessary for all routes of overexposure.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Water spray, carbon dioxide, dry chemical, alcohol-resistant foam.
Specific Hazards: May give off toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide on combustion.
Protective Equipment: Firefighters must use self-contained breathing apparatus and full protective gear.
Advice for Firefighters: Move containers from fire area if safe. Cool exposed containers with water spray.
Hazardous Combustion Products: Nitrogen oxides, carbon oxides, and phenolic compounds.
Special Procedure: Avoid run-off entering water systems. Use water in flooding quantities for large fires.
Personal Precautions: Ensure adequate ventilation, evacuate unnecessary personnel, use protective equipment such as gloves, goggles, and respirator.
Environmental Precautions: Prevent spillage from entering drains or sewers. Use barriers if possible.
Containment: Collect spillage using non-combustible absorbents such as sand or earth into containers suitable for disposal.
Cleanup Method: Scoop up and place in a suitable container. Clean spill area with water.
Disposal: Follow local regulations for disposal of hazardous waste material.
Handling: Use only in chemical fume hood or ventilated area. Avoid breathing dust, avoid skin and eye contact, do not eat or drink in work area, keep container tightly closed when not in use.
Storage Conditions: Store away from heat, ignition sources, and incompatible materials such as strong oxidizers and alkalies. Keep at room temperature in a well-ventilated, locked cabinet marked for hazardous substances.
Packing Material: Use non-reactive shelves and containers, glass or compatible high-density polyethylene.
Incompatible Materials: Strong bases, strong oxidizing agents, reducing agents.
Storage Class: Toxic solid.
Exposure Limits: OSHA PEL not established; observe general air monitoring guidelines.
Engineering Controls: Local exhaust ventilation, safety showers, eyewash stations in area.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): Chemical-resistant gloves (nitrile recommended), laboratory coat, safety goggles, face shield for large volumes, and approved respirator if ventilation is inadequate.
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands thoroughly after handling material, change contaminated clothing, clean PPE after use.
Environmental Controls: Minimize airborne production or water contamination during processes.
Appearance: Pale yellow crystalline powder
Odor: Sharp, phenolic
Boiling Point: 218°C
Melting Point: 44–46°C
Solubility: Sparingly soluble in water, more soluble in ethanol, ether
Vapor Pressure: Low at room temperature
Density: 1.48 g/cm³
pH (at 1% solution): Slightly acidic
Evaporation Rate: Negligible
Flash Point: >100°C (closed cup)
Partition Coefficient (log Kow): 1.91
Explosive Properties: Not classified as explosive
Oxidizing Properties: Not an oxidizer
Chemical Stability: Stable under recommended storage and handling conditions.
Reactivity: Reacts with bases and oxidizing agents, producing heat and potentially hazardous compounds.
Conditions to Avoid: Heat, sparks, open flames, and exposure to sunlight.
Hazardous Decomposition Products: Nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and other potentially toxic gases.
Polymerization: Hazardous polymerization does not occur.
Incompatible Materials: Chlorinating agents, strong acids, strong alkali, metals such as zinc and aluminum in presence of moisture.
Corrosivity: Not classified as corrosive, but can stain and damage certain surfaces.
Routes of Exposure: Inhalation, ingestion, skin and eye contact.
Acute Toxicity: LD50 (oral, rat): 282 mg/kg; LD50 (dermal, rabbit): 1340 mg/kg
Effects from Short-term Exposure: Headache, dizziness, methemoglobinemia (causing cyanosis), rapid breathing, potential unconsciousness in large doses.
Effects from Long-term Exposure: Potential liver and kidney effects, possible blood changes, sensitization upon repeated exposure.
Carcinogenicity: Not classified as a carcinogen by IARC, NTP, or OSHA.
Mutagenicity: Data shows negative or equivocal results in bacterial mutation assays.
Reproductive Toxicity: No reliable evidence in available data.
Target Organs: Blood, central nervous system, liver, kidneys.
Other Information: Symptoms may develop after delay, and effects can be cumulative in poor ventilation.
Ecotoxicity: Toxic to aquatic life; acute LC50 (fish): 0.9–1.5 mg/L (96 h, Pimephales promelas)
Persistence and Degradability: Readily biodegradable under aerobic conditions.
Bioaccumulation Potential: Low to moderate; log Kow indicates some bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms.
Mobility in Soil: Moderate, may leach into groundwater if improperly disposed.
Other Adverse Effects: Can cause oxygen depletion in water due to microbial breakdown, hazardous to aquatic invertebrates and algae.
Precautions: Prevent release to the environment, avoid contamination of drains, soil, or natural waters.
Disposal Methods: Collect and seal in approved chemical waste containers. Dispose of through licensed hazardous waste facilities.
Disposal of Packaging: Triple rinse containers, deface or remove labels before discarding. Dispose of as hazardous waste according to state, local, national regulations.
Environmental Precautions: Never dispose into sewage or natural environments.
Waste Code: Check local hazardous waste listing for specific code.
Additional Considerations: Document all disposals for regulatory compliance and employee safety.
UN Number: 2512
UN Proper Shipping Name: 2-Nitrophenol
Transport Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic substances)
Packing Group: III
Shipping Labels: Toxic
Special Precautions: Secure packages to prevent movement, follow all applicable DOT, IATA, IMDG transport requirements.
Other Information: Report spills or leaks as required by local, state, and federal regulations.
OSHA Status: Hazardous by definition of Hazard Communication Standard (29 CFR 1910.1200)
TSCA Inventory: Listed
SARA Title III: Immediate (Acute) Health Hazard, Delayed (Chronic) Health Hazard
RCRA: Classified as hazardous waste code U169
CERCLA Hazardous Substance: Yes, reportable quantity 100 lbs
State Right-to-Know: Listed in New Jersey, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania substance lists
WHMIS (Canada): D1B Toxic Material, D2B Irritant
Other Regulations: Ensure compliance with national and local chemical safety and disposal laws; maintain records for audit and safety verification.
