Product Name: 2-Chlorophenol
Synonyms: o-Chlorophenol, ortho-Chlorophenol
Chemical Formula: C6H5ClO
Molecular Weight: 128.56 g/mol
CAS Number: 95-57-8
Recommended Use: Reference chemical, industrial manufacturing, research, organic synthesis
Supplier Information: Chemical manufacturing companies or laboratory suppliers should be contacted for more details, including address and emergency numbers
Emergency Contact: Local poison center, workplace chemical safety supervisor, fire brigade
GHS Classification: Acute Toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), Skin Corrosion/Irritation, Eye Damage/Irritation
Hazard Statements: Toxic if swallowed, harmful if inhaled, causes skin irritation, causes serious eye damage
Precautionary Statements: Avoid breathing dust, fumes, gas, mist, vapors, or spray. Use only outdoors or in well-ventilated areas. Wear protective gloves, clothing, and eye protection. Wash thoroughly after handling. Do not eat, drink, or smoke when using this chemical
Label Elements: Skull and crossbones symbol, irritant exclamation mark
Emergency Overview: Exposure can rapidly lead to severe health symptoms including vomiting, headache, dizziness, skin burns, and possible respiratory distress
Chemical Name: 2-Chlorophenol
Synonyms: ortho-Chlorophenol
Concentration: 99–100% (for laboratory grade and high-purity forms)
Impurities: Trace amounts of related chlorophenols or residual solvents may be present in technical or less pure grades
EC Number: 202-423-8
Inhalation: Move person to fresh air immediately. Support breathing if needed, call medical help without delay. Remove any contaminated clothing.
Skin Contact: Remove contaminated garments, wash skin thoroughly with soap and running water. Apply moisturizing lotion to counteract dryness. Seek medical attention if symptoms develop.
Eye Contact: Rinse eyes for 15-20 minutes under running water, lifting eyelids. Remove contact lenses, if any, during rinsing. Immediate medical care is essential.
Ingestion: Do not induce vomiting. Rinse mouth with water. Call a physician or poison center right away. Do not give anything by mouth unless told by medical professionals.
Symptoms and Effects: Headache, nausea, coughing, breathing difficulties, skin burns, irritation, unconsciousness. Immediate actions can mean the difference in severity.
Suitable Extinguishing Media: Dry chemical, carbon dioxide, alcohol-resistant foam. Water spray used only to cool containers and disperse vapors, not directly on flame.
Special Hazards: Combustible liquid, produces toxic chloride fumes and carbon oxides on burning.
Firefighting Procedures: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus and fully protective gear. Approach from upwind. Evacuate nonessential personnel.
Explosion Risk: Vapors heavier than air. Can accumulate and ignite. Containers may rupture at high temperature.
Personal Precautions: Evacuate unnecessary people from spill area. Ventilate space. Wear personal protective equipment (PPE) like goggles, gloves, and suitable chemical-resistant clothing.
Environmental Cleanup: Prevent liquid from entering drains, surface water, or soil. Use sand, earth, or inert materials to absorb spill, transfer to sealed containers for proper disposal.
Decontamination: Wash spill area with water and detergent, ventilate until vapors clear. Ensure all contaminated materials are collected and handled as hazardous waste.
Emergency Procedures: Notify proper authorities about significant releases; follow all reporting requirements for environmental incidents.
Handling: Keep containers tightly closed when not in use. Prevent inhalation and skin or eye contact. Handle only in fume hood or well-ventilated workspace. Keep away from oxidizers, acids, bases, ignition sources.
Storage: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated location with proper secondary containment. Avoid exposure to direct sunlight and high temperatures. Use corrosive-resistant shelving and keep separate from foodstuffs.
Stability in Storage: Properly sealed containers keep product stable, but moisture ingress can cause degradation.
Incompatibilities: Avoid contact or storage with strong oxidizing agents, alkalis, bases, or strong acids.
Occupational Exposure Limits: Consult national and local regulations. Some countries set time-weighted averages (TWA)—usually around 5 ppm (skin notation).
Engineering Controls: Use local exhaust ventilation, fume hoods, and explosion-proof equipment where available.
Personal Protection: Wear chemical splash goggles, gloves made from nitrile or neoprene, lab coats or coveralls, and respirators if exposure exceeds recommended levels.
Hygiene Measures: Wash hands thoroughly before eating, drinking, smoking, or using the restroom. Remove contaminated clothing and clean or dispose of before reuse.
Monitoring: Regular air quality monitoring in work area helps ensure controls are effective.
Appearance: Colorless to pale yellow liquid
Odor: Phenolic, sharp, medicinal odor detectable at low concentrations
Boiling Point: 174–176 °C (345–349 °F)
Melting Point: 7 °C (45 °F)
Flash Point: 81 °C (178 °F) (closed cup)
Vapor Pressure: Relatively low, about 1 mm Hg at 30 °C
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water (27 g/L at 20 °C), readily soluble in organic solvents (ethanol, ether, acetone)
Density: 1.265 g/cm3 at 20 °C
Partition Coefficient (log Kow): Around 2.2
pH: Weakly acidic in aqueous solutions
Evaporation Rate: Moderate, depends on air movement, temp, surface area
Viscosity: Low, flows readily at room temperature
Chemical Stability: Stable under standard storage and handling conditions
Reactivity: Reacts violently with strong oxidizing agents, strong bases, some acids, and sodium
Hazardous Reactions: May emit toxic fumes (hydrogen chloride, phosgene, carbon monoxide) especially upon combustion or heating
Conditions to Avoid: Excessive heat, open flames, contact with incompatible materials, presence of moisture
Decomposition Products: Generates corrosive and toxic fumes, including hydrochloric acid and chlorinated organics
Acute Toxicity: Oral LD50 (rat): 580 mg/kg. Dermal LD50 (rabbit): 700 mg/kg. Inhalation LC50 data limited, but inhalation causes respiratory distress.
Chronic Effects: Prolonged or repeated exposure may result in liver, kidney, and nervous system damage. Skin and eye contact risk significant irritation and burns.
Carcinogenicity: Not classed as carcinogen by IARC, ACGIH, NTP, OSHA.
Mutagenicity: Data limited, but many chlorophenols have shown possible mutagenic activity in lab studies.
Other Health Effects: May depress central nervous system, cause chemical burns, lead to systemic poisoning through skin absorption.
Target Organs: Skin, eyes, respiratory tract, liver, kidneys, nervous system.
Aquatic Toxicity: Highly toxic to fish and other aquatic life. LC50 (96h, fish): ~7 mg/L. Invertebrates sensitive at lower doses.
Persistence and Degradability: Some biodegradation under aerobic conditions, slow breakdown in natural environments.
Bioaccumulation Potential: Moderate due to log Kow value. Can build up in aquatic organisms and food chain.
Mobility in Soil: Moderate, can migrate to groundwater from spills or improper disposal.
Effect on Microorganisms: Can inhibit growth of bacteria and algae, disrupts wastewater treatment microbes at low concentrations.
Other Hazards: Substantial environmental impact if released in large quantities.
Waste Disposal: Dispose as hazardous waste under local, state, and federal regulations. Use qualified chemical disposal company where possible.
Methods: Incineration with proper gas scrubbing is effective. Do not pour down drains, sewers, or watercourses.
Packing Waste Materials: Use sealed, chemical-resistant containers. Clearly mark contents and hazards.
Contaminated Packaging: Rinse and treat as hazardous, follow directions above for waste chemicals.
Notice: Always consult environmental protection agencies or hazardous waste management resources for updated advice.
UN Number: 2020
Shipping Name: 2-Chlorophenol
Hazard Class: 6.1 (Toxic substances)
Packing Group: II (medium danger)
Marine Pollutant: Yes, should not be transported in bulk near marine environments
Transport Precautions: Secure tightly. Use leakproof, labelled packaging. Document contents clearly for all handlers. Report accidental release or spillage instantly.
Regulatory References: Must comply with International Maritime Dangerous Goods (IMDG), International Air Transport Association (IATA), US DOT, and similar national regulations.
Workplace Safety Laws: Subject to OSHA, EU REACH, and comparable national governing bodies for hazardous chemicals.
Environmental Regulations: Listed substance under the US Clean Water Act, Clean Air Act, CERCLA, TSCA. Similar listings in Canada (WHMIS), EU (Annex VI, CLP), Australia, Japan, and other jurisdictions.
Labelling Requirements: Signal words “Danger” and pictograms: skull and crossbones, corrosion, exclamation mark.
Health and Safety Training: All personnel must receive appropriate safety training, maintain up-to-date records, and follow chemical hygiene plans.
Restrictions: Many areas restrict use and disposal. Consult regional and local agencies for specific restrictions or required permits.
Other Regulations: Check import, export, and usage restrictions applied to toxic or environmentally hazardous substances.
